The Namib Desert: An Ancient Coastal Wonder
The Namib Desert is a unique and fascinating ecosystem, classified as a cool coastal desert. Stretching approximately 2,000 km in length, it runs from the Olifants River in South Africa, through Namibia, and up to the San Nicolau River in Angola. Averaging around 200 km wide, it is one of the most striking and iconic landscapes in Africa.
Formation of the Namib Desert
The desert owes its existence to the cold Benguela Current, which flows northward from Antarctica along the Namibian coastline and into the Atlantic Ocean. This current creates a cool, dry climate by suppressing rainfall and contributing to the desert’s arid conditions.
The Namib Desert’s Ancient History
The Namib Desert is considered one of the oldest deserts in the world, with an estimated age of around 60 million years. While it may not have looked exactly as it does today, it has been an arid to semi-arid region for millennia, shaping the unique landscape and biodiversity that we see now.
A Linear Oasis
Unlike many other deserts, the Namib has a linear oasis system. The mountains to the east act as natural catchment areas, collecting water that flows along ancient riverbeds, or dry watercourses, towards the coast. These watercourses are vital for supporting the desert’s sparse vegetation and resilient wildlife, creating pockets of life in this otherwise harsh environment.
Life in the Namib Desert
The Namib Desert, though arid and seemingly lifeless at first glance, is full of surprises. It is sustained by two perennial rivers, the Orange in the south and the Kunene in the north. Other rivers, such as the Tsauchab, Tamas, Kuiseb, Swakop, Omaruru, Ugab, and Hoanib, flow sporadically during the rainy season. Even when they don’t visibly flow, many have subterranean water moving beneath the surface.
Some years, these rivers may flow only a few kilometers; in others, they may reach the Atlantic Ocean. During dry years, they may not flow at all. Yet, these watercourses play a critical role in supporting life, both above and below ground, in the desert ecosystem.
Gravel Plains and Hidden Life
The majority of the Namib Desert consists of gravel plains, which are far from barren. These plains are home to a fascinating array of life, including:
- Lichen fields: A unique combination of fungus and algae, capable of surviving in extreme conditions.
- Welwitschia mirabilis: Namibia’s national plant, endemic to the Namib Desert, with some specimens over 2,000 years old.
- Insects and beetles: Adapted to thrive in harsh, dry environments.
- Desert-adapted wildlife: From oryx and springbok to smaller creatures like geckos and dune beetles.
The Dune Belt and Sossusvlei
Most visitors to the Namib Desert focus on the dune belt around Sossusvlei, a stunning and accessible area within the Namib-Naukluft National Park. The apricot-colored dunes here are among the tallest in the world, offering breathtaking vistas and unique geological features.
Formation of the Dunes
The iconic dunes of Sossusvlei were formed through a fascinating process:
- Sediment Journey: Gravel and sand from the interior of the continent are deposited into the Orange River.
- Atlantic Drift: These sediments are carried westward to the ocean, churned up by the Atlantic, and transported northward by the Benguela Current.
- Wind Sculpting: Prevailing winds blow the sand inland, creating the towering dunes of the Namib Desert.
The dunes’ distinctive apricot color is due to iron oxide, which rusts when exposed to the moisture-laden air from the cold Atlantic current. This overnight moisture also provides essential hydration for the desert’s flora and fauna, while localized rainfall and seasonal fruits like wild melons supplement their needs.
Explore Sossusvlei with Us
We offer several ways to experience the wonders of the Namib Desert, including:
- Guided Tours to Sossusvlei: Discover the breathtaking beauty and geological wonders of the dunes with expert guides.
- Safari Tours: Combine the desert’s unique landscapes with incredible wildlife encounters.
- Shuttle Tours: Convenient options to explore this iconic region at your own pace.
Sossusvlei: Where the Water Stops
The name Sossusvlei comes from the Nama word Sossus, meaning “the end” or “where the water stops.” This reflects the unique geography of the area—a pan where the Tsauchab River ends, blocked by towering dunes that prevent it from reaching the Atlantic Ocean.
While Sossusvlei is the name most people associate with the region, the nearby Deadvlei often steals the show. Just 2 km from Sossusvlei, this surreal, white clay pan is dotted with the remains of 1,000-year-old camel thorn trees, now blackened by the sun. Deadvlei is a photographer’s dream, with its stark contrasts of white salt flats, burnt trees, orange dunes, and deep blue skies.
Adventures in the Dunes
Climb the Iconic Dunes
- Dune 45: Rising to 170 meters, this famous dune is easily accessible and offers some of the best views in the area. It’s named for its location, 45 km from Sesriem Gate, and is one of the most photographed dunes in the world.
- Big Daddy: Standing at 325 meters, it’s one of the tallest dunes in the world. The climb to the top is challenging but rewarding, offering panoramic views of Deadvlei and the surrounding desert. After the climb, you can run—or slide—down the side of the dune, a thrilling experience that’s fun for all ages.
Explore Deadvlei and Sossusvlei
- Walk through the ancient Deadvlei pan, surrounded by monumental dunes, and capture its haunting beauty.
- In Sossusvlei, experience the vastness of the desert and the unique interplay of light and shadow across the dunes.
The Best Sunrise Spot
If you stay at the NWR campsite in Sesriem or one of the private Camps or Lodges inside the National Park, you’ll have the advantage of accessing the inner gate an hour before sunrise, giving you a head start to Dune 45. Watching the sunrise from the top is an unforgettable experience:
- Witness the dunes transform from dark silhouettes to deep reds as the first rays of sunlight illuminate the desert.
- Let the peace and grandeur of the moment rejuvenate your soul.
Elim Dune: A Sunset to Remember
Just 7 km from the Sesriem campsite, Elim Dune is the perfect spot to end your day. As the sun sets, the dunes take on rich hues of orange and red, offering an unforgettable view of the desert landscape. Make sure you do not miss the gate closing time, when you stay outside the park.
Why Visit Sossusvlei and Deadvlei?
Sossusvlei and Deadvlei are not just geographical wonders—they are spiritual landscapes that offer a profound connection to nature. Whether you’re climbing dunes, walking the pans, or simply admiring the surreal beauty, these sites will leave you with memories that last a lifetime.
Let us help you create the perfect itinerary to explore Sossusvlei, Deadvlei, and the surrounding Namib Desert. Contact us today to start your adventure!
Before You Leave: Sesriem Canyon and Surrounding Wonders
Before bidding farewell to the Namib Desert, enjoy a cold beer at the bar, then head out to explore the Sesriem Canyon, a geological and historical marvel.
Sesriem Canyon: A Journey Through Time
The name Sesriem comes from the Afrikaans words “ses” (six) and “riem” (a length of cowhide), referring to the six lengths of hide early settlers needed to lower buckets into the canyon’s depths to fetch water.
- Dimensions: The canyon averages 6 meters wide, 32 meters deep, and stretches about 3 kilometers in length.
- Formation: It was carved by the Tsauchab River, slicing through softer sedimentary rock over millions of years.
- What to See:
- Seasonal Water Pools: During heavy rainy seasons, water collects at the canyon’s end, creating small pools that sometimes hold fish.
- Wildlife: Watch for horned adders in the shade and other creatures adapted to the desert environment.
Take a leisurely stroll through the cool canyon, turning left to reach the end and discover its hidden treasures.
Tips for Exploring Deadvlei and Sossusvlei
If you’re on a self-drive safari:
- A 4×4 vehicle is required for the last 5 kilometers to Deadvlei. Since late 2024, access for self-drive tourists has become restricted. Only Namibian-registered tour companies are now permitted to drive in the area.
- Book a 4×4 shuttle for just N$200 per person return for a comfortable ride into the heart of the dunes.
Or take the opportunity to walk amongst the dunes, spotting ostriches, springbok, and oryx along the way.
Be prepared! Bring double the amount of water you think you’ll need, as there are no facilities in the area.
Discover the Desert’s Hidden Wonders
The Namib Desert is filled with unique sights and wildlife, including:
- Fairy Circles: Mysterious circular patches dotting the desert plains.
- Desert-Adapted Animals: From the fog-basking beetle and golden mole to the sidewinder snake and golden wheel spider.
- Nocturnal Flora: Flowers that bloom only with nighttime moisture.
- Insect Spoor: Tracks left by tiny creatures navigating the sand under the cover of darkness.
Essentials for the Desert
Don’t forget to pack:
- Hat and sunscreen for protection from the desert sun.
- Snacks and plenty of water (double what you think you’ll need).
- Comfortable walking shoes and a camera to capture the beauty of the desert.
Let Us Take Care of Everything
Explore the wonders of the oldest desert in the world with ease. Join us on an unforgettable safari and discover the magic of the Namib Desert. From Sesriem Canyon to Deadvlei and beyond, we’ll ensure your adventure is truly one of a kind. Contact us today to start planning your journey!